Abstract
In 1855, the Kingdom of Hawai’i published “Articles of War” (Kanawai o na Puali Koa) as part of a comprehensive program of reforms initiated by the Hawaiian Islands’ commander in chief and the secretary of war to transform the nation’s military. Many factors contribute to a nation’s long-term security and stability, among them, military preparedness, especially when the other contributing factors are in a state of flux. Those who supported the promulgation of Hawai’i’s Articles of War understood that their adoption would be a watershed moment, one that would help to ensure the country’s continued independence.
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Cite this article
Neil B. Dukas, “In Defense of a Kingdom: The 1855 Hawaiian Articles of War and Major Francis Funk,” The Journal of Military History 90, no. 2 (April 2026): 293–314.