The Journal of Military History

Volume 79, Number 1 · January 2015

7 articles · 53 book reviews · pp. 9–268

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Articles

  1. ’[T]he zealous activity of Capt. Lee’: Light-Horse Harry Lee and Petite Guerre

    9–36

    Moncado Prize 2016

    The Continental Army entrusted many of its junior officers with a great degree of responsibility and autonomy. Captain Henry Lee’s role in commanding a vital foraging operation in Delaware and Maryland for the Main Army at Valley Forge in February and March 1778 sheds light on the role of a company-grade officer within the broader framework of petite guerre. Lee demonstrated his ability at planning and executing autonomous operations and proved himself a capable, thoughtful, and energetic officer in an important, but overlooked expedition that reveals something of the important operational middle ground occupied by American company-grade light officers.

  2. ’Caught in the Crossfire’: Sir Gerald Campbell, Lord Beaverbrook and the Near Demise of the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, May–October 1940

    37–68

    This essay examines a highly significant but little known incident—the “Campbell affair”—during the first six months of Winston Churchill’s premiership (May–October 1940). As the Battle of Britain raged, an equally important campaign was waged between the Air Ministry and the new Ministry of Aircraft Production, headed by the bumptious Canadian-born peer, Lord Beaverbrook. Corrosive remarks by Beaverbrook, which were reported to Canada’s mercurial premier, W. L. Mackenzie King, and then relayed back to London by Sir Gerald Campbell, Britain’s high commissioner in Ottawa, threatened not only to unhinge Anglo-Canadian wartime relations at a pivotal juncture of the war, but also to jettison the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan.

  3. The Failure of Japanese Land-Sea Cooperation during the Second World War: Hong Kong and the South China Coast as an Example, 1942–1945

    69–91

    This article looks at the failure of the Japanese Army and Navy to use Hong Kong to control the South China coast between 1942 and 1945. This was the result of their inability to cooperate at the strategic and operational levels and also of their shortage of resources. In addition, the flawed shipping-protection tactics adopted by the Japanese Navy, the incomplete control of the Japanese forces over the South China coast, and the resistance of Allied guerrilla and intelligence units, all helped prevent Hong Kong from becoming a useful base for the Japanese. The Japanese sought to dominate the South China Sea through a huge land offensive, but the costly campaign did not alter the course of the war.

  4. ’In the Name of the Queen’: Military Trials of Japanese War Criminals in the Netherlands East Indies (1946-1949)

    93–125

    After World War II, the colonial government in the Netherlands East Indies (NEI) prosecuted more than 1,000 Japanese nationals for war crimes committed against mostly Dutch and Indonesian citizens during the Japanese occupation of the NEI (1942-1945). This article examines the unique Dutch approach to prosecuting war crimes at so-called “Temporary Courts-Martial,” including the applicable rules governing evidence, jurisdiction, and punishment. It also looks at representative war crimes trials by offense and analyzes death and non-death sentences imposed by the tribunals. Finally, it offers some overall conclusions about these trials in military legal history.

  5. ’Without Mercy’—U.S. Strategic Intelligence and Finland in the Cold War

    127–149

    During the Cold War, U.S. intelligence agencies spared no effort to get tactical and strategic information about Finland and its neighbors in order to route bombers and missiles over Finland, to select targets for nuclear strikes, and to plan coastal landings. Especially during the last years of the Cold War, Finnish military intelligence secretly channeled information to the Americans without notifying Finland’s political leadership. Washington gave the Finns military information on Soviet bloc countries on a quid pro quo basis. Although Finland was bound to the Soviet Union by a friendship treaty of a military nature, it seems that the Finnish armed forces actually were prepared to fight the Soviets alongside the West.

  6. ’A Precedent Worth Setting . . .’ Military Humanitarianism: The U.S. Military and the 1975 Vietnamese Evacuation

    151–179

    As the Saigon government collapsed in 1975, the U.S. military evacuated more than 100,000 Vietnamese to the United States. Framed by congressional distrust of military action, the shift to the All-Volunteer Force, and the integration of women into the armed forces, this refugee operation marked a turning point in how the U.S. military perceived humanitarian operations. “Military” and “humanitarian” work co-existed in an uneasy balance, yet over time, operations that might be seen as routine, or even feminized, gained political value. Defining the 1975 Vietnamese evacuation as humanitarian thus became a telling precedent in the military’s growing scope of operations.

Review essays

  1. U.S. Army Campaigns of the War of 1812

    181–185

Book reviews (53)

  1. Reconsidering the American Way of War: US Military Practice from the Revolution to Afghanistan, by Antulio J. Echevarria II187–190

    Reviewed by and

  2. Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia, by Kaushik Roy190–191

    Reviewed by

  3. The Cambridge Companion to the Age of Attila, by edited by Michael Maas192–193

    Reviewed by

  4. Fields of Blood: Religion and the History of Violence, by Karen Armstrong193–194

    Reviewed by

  5. Pope Gregory X and the Crusades, by Phillip B. Baldwin195

    Reviewed by

  6. Scotland and the British Army, 1700-1750: Defending the Union, by Victoria Henshaw196–197

    Reviewed by

  7. The Tuscarora War: Indians, Settlers, and the Fight for the Carolina Colonies, by David La Vere197–198

    Reviewed by

  8. Presidents and Their Generals: An American History of Command in War, by Matthew Moten199–200

    Reviewed by

  9. The Battle of Oriskany and General Nicholas Herkimer, by Paul A. Boehlert200–201

    Reviewed by

  10. Napoleon in Italy: The Sieges of Mantua, 1796-1799, by Phillip R. Cuccia201–203

    Reviewed by

  11. Women in the Peninsular War, by Charles J. Esdaile203–204

    Reviewed by

  12. Neither Victor nor Vanquished: America and the War of 1812, by William Weber205–206

    Reviewed by

  13. The Waterloo Archive, Vol. V: German Sources, by edited by Gareth Glover206–207

    Reviewed by

  14. The Military and Colonial Destruction of the Roman Landscape of North Africa, 1830-1900, by Michael Greenhalgh207–208

    Reviewed by

  15. Military Culture and Popular Patriotism in Late Imperial Austria, by Laurence Cole209–210

    Reviewed by

  16. The French-Piedmontese Campaign of 1859/La Campagna Franco-Piedmontese del 1859, by Frederick C. Schneid211–212

    Reviewed by

  17. Northern Slave, Black Dakota: The Life and Times of Joseph Godfrey, by Walt Bachman212–213

    Reviewed by

  18. A Gunner in Lee’s Army: The Civil War Letters of Thomas Henry Carter, by edited by Graham T. Dozier213–215

    Reviewed by

  19. Transforming Civil War Prisons: Lincoln, Lieber, and the Politics of Captivity, by Paul Springer and Glenn Robins215–216

    Reviewed by

  20. Columns of Vengeance: Soldiers, Sioux, and the Punitive Expeditions, 1863-1864, by Paul N. Beck216–218

    Reviewed by

  21. Engineering War and Peace in Modern Japan, 1868-1964, by Takashi Nishiyama218–219

    Reviewed by

  22. Inventing the Way of the Samurai: Nationalism, Internationalism, and Bushido in Modern Japan, by Oleg Benesch219–220

    Reviewed by

  23. American Carnage: Wounded Knee, 1890, by Jerome A. Greene221–222

    Reviewed by

  24. The Currents of War: A New History of American-Japanese Relations, 1899-1941, by Sidney Pash222–223

    Reviewed by

  25. The Hidden Perspective: The Military Conversations 1906-1914, by David Owen224–225

    Reviewed by

  26. American Arsenal: A Century of Waging War, by Patrick Coffey225–226

    Reviewed by

  27. Beyond the Balance of Power: France and the Politics of National Security in the Era of the First World War, by Peter Jackson226–227

    Reviewed by

  28. The Great War Dawning: Germany and its Army at the Start of World War I, by Frank Buchholz, Janet Robinson, and Joe Robinson228–229

    Reviewed by

  29. The Darkest Days: The Truth Behind Britain’s Rush to War, 1914, by Douglas Newton229–230

    Reviewed by

  30. The Outbreak of the First World War; Structure, Politics and Decision-Making, by edited by Jack S. Levy and John A. Vasquez230–231

    Reviewed by

  31. Teddy Roosevelt and Leonard Wood: Partners in Command, by John S. D. Eisenhower; and Never Call Retreat: Theodore Roosevelt and the Great War, by J. Lee Thompson232–234

    Reviewed by

  32. Ring of Steel: Germany and Austria-Hungary in World War I, by Alexander Watson234–235

    Reviewed by

  33. The Siege of Kut-al-Amara: At War in Mesopotamia 1915-1916, by Nikolas Gardner235–236

    Reviewed by

  34. The British Imperial Army in the Middle East: Morale and Military Identity in the Sinai and Palestine Campaigns, 1916-1918, by James E. Kitchen237–238

    Reviewed by

  35. The First World War, Vol. I: Global War; The First World War, Vol. II: The State; The First World War, Vol. III: Civil Society, by edited by Jay Winter239–240

    Reviewed by

  36. World War I and Propaganda, by edited by Troy R. E. Paddock241–242

    Reviewed by

  37. Skilled and Resolute: A History of the 12th Evacuation Hospital and the 212th MASH, 1917-2006, by Sanders Marble242–243

    Reviewed by

  38. An Historian in Peace and War: The Diaries of Harold Temperley, by edited by T. G. Otte244–245

    Reviewed by

  39. The Impact of the First World War on U.S. Policymakers: American Strategic and Foreign Policy Formulation, 1938-1942, by Michael G. Carew246–247

    Reviewed by

  40. Arming the Nation for War: Mobilization, Supply, and the American War Effort in World War II, by Robert P. Patterson247–248

    Reviewed by

  41. The Stalingrad Trilogy, Volume 3, Endgame at Stalingrad, Book One: November 1942, by ; and The Stalingrad Trilogy, Volume 3, Endgame at Stalingrad, Book Two: December 1942-February 1943, by David M. Glantz with Jonathan M. House249–250

    Reviewed by

  42. Evans Carlson, Marine Raider: The Man Who Commanded America’s First Special Forces, by Duane Schultz251–252

    Reviewed by

  43. Dog Company: The Boys of Pointe du Hoc: The Rangers Who Accomplished D-Day’s Toughest Mission and Led the Way Across Europe, by Patrick K. O’Donnell252–254

    Reviewed by

  44. Range Wars: The Environmental Contest for White Sands Missile Range, by Ryan H. Edgington254–256

    Reviewed by

  45. Spare Not the Brave: The Special Activities Group in Korea, by Richard L. Kiper256–257

    Reviewed by

  46. The Ashgate Research Companion to the Korean War, by edited by James I. Matray and Donald W. Boose, Jr257–258

    Reviewed by

  47. Misalliance: Ngo Dinh Diem, the United States, and the Fate of South Vietnam, by Edward Miller259–260

    Reviewed by

  48. From Kutch to Tashkent: The Indo—Pakistan War of 1965, by Farooq Bajwa260–262

    Reviewed by

  49. In the Shadow of the Greatest Generation: The Americans Who Fought the Korean War, by Melinda L. Pash262–263

    Reviewed by

  50. Strategy in Asia: The Past, Present, and Future of Regional Security, by edited by Thomas G. Mahnken and Dan Blumenthal263–264

    Reviewed by

  51. Knife Fights: A Memoir of Modern War in Theory and Practice, by John A. Nagl265–266

    Reviewed by

  52. Overreach: Delusions of Regime Change in Iraq, by Michael MacDonald266–267

    Reviewed by

  53. Al-Shabaab in Somalia: The History and Ideology of a Militant Islamist Group: 2005-2012, by Stig Jarle Hansen267–268

    Reviewed by